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Thyroid hormone and the cardiovascular system. Thyroid hormone differentially regulates development of beta-adrenergic receptors, adenylate cyclase and ornithine decarboxylase in rat heart and kidney. Mechanism of hyperthyroidism-induced renal hypertrophy in rats.
Kobori H, Ichihara A, Miyashita Y, Hayashi M, Saruta T. Interactions between thyroid disorders and kidney disease. Postnatal development of kidney function in rats receiving thyroid hormones. The thyroid and the kidney: a complex interplay in health and disease. 2012 1:22–6.ĭousdampanis P, Trigka K, Vagenakis GA, Fourtounas C. The renal manifestations of thyroid disease. Interpretation of the interactions between thyroid and renal function is a challenge for clinicians involved in the treatment of patients with thyroid and kidney disease. Lastly, low thyroid hormones, especially low triiodothyronine levels, in patients with chronic kidney disease have been related to a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality. Drugs used in the therapy of thyroid disease may lead to renal complications and, similarly, drugs used in kidney disorders may be associated to thyroid alterations. Patients treated by both hemodialysis and peritoneal dialysis, and renal transplantation recipients, exhibit thyroid hormone alterations and thyroid disease with higher frequency than that found in the general population. Subclinical hypothyroidism and low triiodothyronine syndrome are common features in patients with chronic kidney disease. Thyroid dysfunction is highly prevalent in chronic kidney disease patients. A high prevalence of thyroid hormone alteration has been reported in acute kidney injury. Different forms of glomerulonephritis and tubulointerstitial disease may be linked to thyroid derangements. Nephrotic syndrome has been associated to changes in serum thyroid hormone concentrations. Kidney disease may also cause thyroid dysfunction by several mechanisms. Most of renal manifestations of thyroid dysfunction are reversible with treatment. The reverse effects have been reported in thyrotoxicosis. Hypothyroidism has been associated with increased serum creatinine and decreased glomerular filtration rate. Hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism affect renal function by direct renal effects as well as systemic hemodynamic, metabolic and cardiovascular effects. Thyroid hormones influence renal development, kidney hemodynamics, glomerular filtration rate and sodium and water homeostasis.
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